IP address and Port

A network can be created by connecting more than one computer together. When one machine wants to communicate with another one in the same network or in another network (if the networks are connected.), IP address and Port number plays a major role. Let’s get into IP address and Port number.

IP Address is 32 bit binary used for identifying a machine in the network. At any point of time no two machines of a same network can have same IP address. IP address are mostly referred with dotted decimal notation. This notation consist of four decimal numbers each vary from 0 to 255 and separated by decimal dot (.). So, for example IP address looks like 148.45.56.23. There are four classes in IP address and the explanation of those classes are beyond the scope of this post. In one line, IP address is used to identify the machine in a network. Most of the people knew what is IP address and why it is needed. So let’s move to the Port number.

Port Number is an integer number used to identify a communication among many, going on in a machine. Mostly port numbers are associated with application which involves in a communication. For example, a machine can communicate with the FTP server while it is being accessed by another machine for some reasons. So without Port number conflict become obvious.

From the above figure, it is very clear that a machine can participate in more than one communicate simultaneously and to avoid conflict the Port numbers are used. Each communication will use different Port numbers. More clearly it is not communication rather application which is involved in communication. For example, Computer A wants to access the internet it needs a browser and the browser will be assigned with some random port number and the web server will be assigned with known port number 80. So the Computer A uses random/dynamic port and the Web server uses know port 80 for its communication. During this Computer A can access the FTP server using another unused port and the FTP server use the known port 20 and 21.

Thus, IP addresses are used for identifying a machine in network and Port numbers are used for identifying an application which is involved in a communication.

For more details about the applications and Ports association, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_TCP_and_UDP_port_numbers.

Futile Caste-based Reservation in India

In India, reservation based on the caste is not effective. Initially, the caste-based reservation was introduced based on the economic state and social status of the people. But now, it really has to be revalidated and restructured.

There are four categories of caste in India. This was designed based on the social status and economic state of people on those days. But today, this is no longer valid. There are many people/families who are in good social status and possessing enough money to give a luxurious life for their great grand children are enjoying the benefits from government just because they belongs to the category of caste which gets maximum benefit from government. On the other hand, there are many people who gets nothing from government since they belongs to category of caste which gets least benefits from government though they eked out a living.

Politicians who are in the position to restructure this system are taking it as an advantage and left it as it is to secure their seats. Who is the responsible for this pathetic situation? and who has to change this stupid system of reservation based on the old caste that have been changed a lot over the period of years? Do we need another great person to do so?

Personally, what I feel that the reservation is still needed, but not based on the obsolete caste-category which is being used now. It must be implemented based on the current financial background of a particular person or family. It has to be revalidated every year. In this way people who really need help from government will get it and those who don’t really need it cannot avail it.

And this should not continue for more than ten years, within this ten years period of time, government should implement necessary benefits to make the entire Indian citizen to a good status by all means. After that, this reservation system should completely be removed.

Who has to take the steps for this change, politicians or people?

Polymorphism – Method overloading

Developers, who have been programming using structural or procedural programming language for many years finds difficulties when they attempt to learn the fundamental of object oriented programming (widely referred as OOPs).

Polymorphism is one of the fundamental concepts in OOPs. It is very useful concept and is used widely when developing any application which uses the fundamental rules of OOPs. In one line, Polymorphism is “same name and different meaning/operation”.

Think in this way, almost all the vehicle have a component called ‘break‘. But when you take a look at inner operation, eventually it will be different. This is the simple way for understanding the Polymorphism.

Lets talk in programmatic way, we will take an example of developing a class called Shape. This class should draw different shapes in the console. The shapes can be Square, Rectangle or Circle. So we need to define a method called Draw in our class Shape.

class Shape

{

void Draw( int topRight, int topLeft, int bottomRight, int bottomLeft)

{

//Actual code for drawing either of Square or Rectangle.

}

}

The above Draw method will draw either Square or Rentangle since drawing Square or Rectangle is quite similar.

But we need to implement another method to draw Circle.

class Shape

{

void Draw( int topRight, int topLeft, int bottomRight, int bottomLeft)

{

//Actual code for drawing either of Square or Rectangle.
}

void Draw( int pointX, int pointY, int radius)

{

//Actual code for drawing a circle.

}

}

From the above class it is clear that the first Draw method which uses four parameters going to draw either Square or Rectangle. And the same named second method which is using three parameters going to draw a Circle.

Thus, same method name and different signature with different operation is called method overloading. And this method overloading is a type of polymorphism.

Employees of Indian IT companies are going to Doom

Generally, everyone thinks that IT company’s employees are earning lot of money by a big salary. That is partially true. Yes, they are earning lot of money but they suffer a lot too.

The stipulated working hours for a week is forty hours but atleast 75% of employees working beyond that. For the sake of earning money, they sacrifice their personal life. They don’t have enough time for taking care of their beloved ones. Even some managers are encouraging this! Although they could avail more are less thirty days of leave on a calendar year, they are refused in most of the cases. One of the interesting fact is, the vacation leave. The purpose of this leave is to take as a bulk for vacation. But this is not at all permitted.

Another earthshaking issue is their health. Most of the employees are sitting in a same position for the long period of time in their office due to their nature of work and this is causing back pain. Almost, 40 to 50 percent of the employees are suffered. Hypertension is next to back pain, they are undergoing more stress, the source of hypertension, one of the sources of heart attack!

Only in India, this ridicules work culture is encouraged. Employees in US or UK are having the balance between their personal and professional life. The office will be empty after the closing time.

Former CEO of one famous Indian IT company, gave a statement that people staying beyond the stipulated hours are not working, they are just browsing or doing something for their personal needs. This may be true in few cases but not always. One of my friends is working in that so called famous company, going to office seven in the morning and back at nine in the evening. From his residence, office is very near hardly 5 minutes by walk.

Most of the companies have a policy that if a employee is working beyond the stipulated hours, they have to be paid for the extra hours, but very few companies are following this.

People working in foreign countries are human being and those who are working from India are machine? People working in Indian IT companies SHOULD realize this.

Elusive Ghost!

Its not only me, but there are others in the world who have same fear as of mine. During the day time, I am very confident that ghost is not real but, when I see stars in the sky I convince myself that ghosts really exist. God the rival of evil (atleast in my point of view), is not hitting my mind when I am obsessed with the stories and anecdotes of ghost. Even though most of the ghost stories end with non-existence of ghost, my subconscious mind strongly believes it’s existence. Especially when I’m alone in my home, strange sounds(mostly howl of dogs) raises my heart beats. How these ghost stories started spreading among the people? Are they real stories? One of my friend’s(Rajesh) roommate was haunted by the ghost a few months ago! Some people strongly believe its existence while some others don’t. But for me it is a special case!

Eventual Need

All or perhaps most of the people sets their goals. These goals are either short-term or long-term mostly not eventual. Most of the them do not have an idea of what they need eventually. For example, one should go to school/college to gain knowledge not for marks. I know few people who have few short-term and long-term goals but they don’t know what they need eventually to accomplish their goals. If we knew our eventual need we can set goals as the steps to achieve it. Thus, FIND YOUR EVENTUAL NEED.

Music is not same to all?

Most of the peoples like that song but not me. I like that song but none else. I like “kalankathala imsa pannatha” song but most of the people don’t. Most of the people like “June ponal” song but I don’t. After doing my own research I end up with the conclusion. I believe it all depends on environmental factors which cannot be defined. Often people told me that I am not singing the songs with correct or actual rhythm but for me it seems correct.

My first blog!

I believe now I became one among you. I thought of writing blog several times but something (I don’t know exactly) forced me to give up. But now I made it.